Weber in University Essay Example for Free

Weber in University Essay Max Weber’s (1958) one part of breaking down society includes defense in free enterprise ( p. 13). His thought is that quest for cash isn't only for gaining however should likewise be rationalizedâ€in a way that is computing or winning more benefit (Weber, 1958). Feature of this is the Lutherian input that free enterprise gives you a unique obligation. Satisfaction of that obligation is the most noteworthy type of performing moral movement as this is good commitment (soul of free enterprise) (Weber, 1958). Colleges never got away from free enterprise. It has even become the methods for the propagation of free enterprise. College proliferates the possibility that a man needs to concentrate to have the option to work†where the advanced education level he accomplishes, the more noteworthy is his chance to gain more. It is comparative with Weber’s thought on task specializationâ€a understudy entering the college must pick his specialization or degree program. With this, colleges procure benefit since more understudies need to get to school. The primary thought being that when you get the opportunity to move on from the college with a degree, you make certain to find on a great job with great compensation. In any case, gaining cash isn't the feature on getting a degree. Rather, it is taught as an ethical commitment to the general public which is corresponding to Weber’s soul of free enterprise. A superior citizen is somebody who buckles down accomplishing his errands than somebody who doesn't make progress toward progress. Taking a gander at how college functions, explicit obligations are performed by explicit gatherings. Educators instruct, managerial deals with the college and different gatherings for other critical errands like directing and lodging for understudies who fills in as the â€Å"customers† however not buying market merchandise yet acumen and aptitudes. These obligations once satisfied legitimize the benefit earned by colleges. Not exclusively is unimportant satisfaction of obligation thought about an ethical action however as training is inspired and seen as critical, so are the teachers who shape the future workforce of the world. It is to be sure the most noteworthy type of good movement truly and metaphorically. These obligations/occupations found in the colleges involve the laborâ€important idea for Weber and Marx. While Marx contends that there is no free work since individuals need to sell their work capacity to industrialist, Weber contends that selling this is still pay adaptable and measurable (1920, p. 21). Genuine models are the janitors and the teachers. Both sell their work capacity to proprietors of college. Be that as it may, since the two has distinctive work capacity to offer (one on difficult work, other is instructing), there would be wage-contrasts. Accordingly, it shows how college genuinely has fused computation with it being a business. As appeared, colleges, however observed as having respectable reason for teaching, are still under the rationalistic free enterprise that figures, benefit arranged and include unique undertakings. They bring to the general public two important productsâ€the benefit they gain as far as cash and the understudies who thus procures cash and benefit for themselves after school. This is the means by which colleges design with Weber’s thought. Reference Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the soul of private enterprise. New York: Scribner.

Holes Essay

There are a wide range of difficulties that Stanley Yelnats (the principle character) from the top of the line novel Holes composed by Louis Sachar needs to over come. Stanley was first found in the film when a tilted shot of shoes hit him in the head and he fell on the ground depicting he was frail and somewhat inept. Stanley’s character was likewise shown when his mum was so stunned when the police came around to their home revealing to them Stanley had stolens, this shows Stanley had never commited a wrongdoing and wasn’t generally a difficulty producer. The film coordinated by Andrew Davis depicts everything the book does and it shows almost all the understanding into Stanley’s life that writer portrays in the book. There are numerous difficulties however the fundamental one is breaking the ‘curse’ that Stanley’s family has been stuck in for over 100 years. This test shows numerous critical topics in this book like companionship, assurance and destiny. The primary debate for Stanley was breaking his family revile. In spite of the fact that he didn’t know whether it was even genuine and that he had broken it , it was clear for the crowd viewing the film that he had. The revile was put on his family over 100 years back when the first Yelnats, Elya Yelnats went to a psychic called Madame Zeroni. She made him an arrangement that he could have one of her little pigs in the event that he conveyed Madame Zeroni up the mountain when he was finished making the pig quite fat so he could offer it to the dad of the young lady he had always wanted. At the point when he saw that the young lady truly was idiotic like Madame Zeroni warmed him he chose to move from Lativia to America. Anyway he neglected to convey Madame Zeroni up the mountain so she put a revile on his family for eternity. This was depicted by a break up of Madame Zeroni rehashing that she will put a revile on his family to Elya leaving Lativia. The low edge of Madame Zeroni’s face made it evident that she was dead serious and intense about the revile. When Stanely conveyed Hectoria Zeroni (a relative of Madame Zeroni) up â€Å"God’s Thumb† which was likewise depicted with a low point making it look roomy, he broke the family revile. This test depicted many key thoughts and topics and one of them was fellowship. Zero (Hector Zeroni) and Stanley didn’t know one another at everything except because of them both being the ‘outcasts’ of the gathering they began to become acquainted with one another and Stanley began to show Zero how to peruse and Zero helped burrow Stanley openings so he wasn’t so worn out and could instruct him. These exercises anyway were then halted by the Warden, who was presented by a high edge on her boots which previously made her look threating as you could contrast it with certain motion pictures where the hoodlum or cowboy’s boots got presented before their face which generally depicted they were a critical character that normally was there to cause hurt. Anyway this didn’t stop Zero and Stanley’s fellowship developing, when Zero fled structure the camp as he had enough of it Stanley needed to proceed to safeguard his solitary dear companion he had at the camp. This shows Stanley’s well disposed love for Zero depicted by the dissolving of Stanley strolling through the pastry and than of the sun demonstrating how sweltering it was. The soundtrack of strange music kept you speculating to check whether Stanley would wind up discovering Zero or not. The orange overalls that all the young men at Camp Greenlake wore made Zero conspicuous in the pastry. The crowd realized that when the two young men celebrated them two were exceptionally content because of the soundtrack abandoning baffling to quicker increasingly exuberant music. Another key thought that the test depicted was change. Change for Stanley, his family and Hector Zeroni. There were numerous unanswered inquiries that created strain, mystery through the whole film yet these inquiries were completely replied when Stanley broke the revile. There was a serious excursion to break the revile for Stanley and during this period his character changed significantly. He used to a gullable, feeble , young man that couldn’t go to bat for himself. In any case, he transformed into a solid, keen youthful grown-up that could even spare someone’s life. His frail side was shown through a high point of Stanley looking for a camera in the shower, that he got told the Warden of the Camp had introduced. This shows how gullable he was and thought everything different young men in his hovel said. Just as giving his discoveries in a gap to another kid who got a free day away from work as the Warden however he discovered it not Stanley. Anyway when he was in the sweet. He saw â€Å"God’s Thumb† and took iniative. At the point when Hector was to feeble he conveyed him up and spared his life as he discovered water which the young men certainly required as they were worn out and dried out. At the point when Stanley broke the revile it changed numerous different things for the most part for his life and family. His father at long last made an approach to make sweat-soaked feet/shoes not smell and Stanley discovered his fortune that was covered for over 100 years by Kissing Kate Barlow. This changed his whole way of life and he gave half of his fortune to Hector who utilized that to employ private investigastors and locate his mum who he haden’t seen for over 4 years. As should be obvious the principle challenge unquestionably depicts some key thoughts and topics. It shows the companionship betweeen Stanley Yelanats and Hector Zeroni which is certainly one of the most significant fellowship. Moreover it clarifies how Stanley, Hector and both of their families changed. Stanleys character changed demonstrated everybody the amount you can change because of your conditions and enviroment around you. He shows everybody a decent exercise and I would definitly prescribe this to any individual my age.

Creating a Nonfiction Book Proposal

Creating a Nonfiction Book Proposal For millennia, the human race relied on oral tradition to pass on history, mythology, and religion on to the next generation. With the revolutionary advent of the written language, the human race merely began to write down what had been delivered for generations, in speeches. Therefore, it seems intuitive to this writer, having a strong background in public speaking, that the same guidelines that govern good public speaking also govern good nonfiction writing.There are as many approaches to writing nonfiction as there are nonfiction writers. As the adage goes, there is more than one way to skin a cat. What is presented here may not be the best way for you, but it has worked for me, and it will be appealing to anyone with a background in public speaking.In order for a book to be considered nonfiction, it is assumed that at least the author believes that the content he is setting forth is historically or empirically true. In the case of a book on the Mayan calendar, for example, the au thor himself does not need to believe in the religion or astrological processes of the Mayan people. He does, however, have to be convinced that he is giving a true representation of their beliefs.This means that nonfiction writing is very much like persuasive speaking. Some are polemic in nature, attacking another established position. Others are more akin to apologetics. I use the word apologetics in the academic sense and not in its common usage. An apologia is a formal argument or defense of something, such as a position or a system.Although your topic may not seem as volatile as a public debate, you were, no doubt, drawn to it because there is some degree of controversy to it. There is nothing wrong with that. In fact, controversial topics get better traction. If it were a settled matter, you would not be writing the book and others would not bother to read it.A novelist often desires to leave readers wandering, to leave questions unanswered for as long as they dare string the reader along. When one writes a novel, they dont want to answer the readers questions until the reader has had time to ponder them awhile. When approaching nonfiction as you would a persuasive speech, you want to be much more deliberate. Slight cliffhangers are acceptable, but you want to lead your reader from point to point with as few lose ends as possible. You want to answer those questions for them so that they can move with you to your deeper line of reasoning. In fact, you may wish to preempt many of their questions; ask them in your book before they think of the question, so that they can see how you have cross examined yourself. This will help your reader trust your line of reasoning better.If your nonfiction is narrative in nature, then your outline is the chronology of events. If your book will be topical in nature, this type of outline could prove very valuable to you. What follows here is a typical outline for a persuasive speech, and how you can use it to start organizi ng your book.TopicThis is the easy part. Most writers have a few of these kicking around in their head at any given time.PurposeYour purpose may never appear in print, as such, in your book, but you need to know what it is. You need to have the mission of your book at the forefront of your mind at all times.Thesis StatementYour thesis statement is a concise description of the work you are setting down to write. Can you sum up the message of your book in one, or no more than two, sentences? If not, you need to further refine your message.IntroductionIn public speaking, one would need something to first get the attention of their audience. The same is true of your book. Some use an ice breaker, such as a humorous or anecdotal story that segues nicely into their theme. Others use a more aggressive approach. They will start with a very shocking or controversial statement to create an intentional tension. Either of these tools will serve your introduction well.Your books Introduction mig ht include one or multiple chapters. In the first chapter, you could do as I have just described and get the attention of your reader with some anecdotal story or some shocking proclamation. In the second chapter, you could tie that opening attention-grabber to your readers in some way. In the third, lay out your purpose and thesis. Of course, all of this could be in your opening chapter, depending on how concise you want to be.One note of caution: Many modern readers are not sitting down for long periods of time but rather read books in bite-sized chunks. This means that many readers will find many smaller chapters more appealing than fewer longer chapters. A writer must, as a public speaker must, always keep their audience in mind as they craft their outline.BodyIf you look closely at your main points, you will see that they have a progression of logic to them. In other words, one would need to be addressed before another. Some points will have to build upon the strength of others .While each of your arguments may serve as individual chapters, once you have supported them with research, you can organize them in related groups and organize those groups in a logical order.If you are looking to add weight to your work, ask yourself whether you have considered giving to each of your points a reason, an example, and an application. Not all of your points will merit such care, but considering them for each point will ensure you are being thorough.ConclusionYou can signal that you are wrapping things up by putting different points from the body of your work together to come up with a third point. This is called a syllogism: Fact A plus fact B produces a third dependent fact, Fact C.This is also the time to summarize your objective, perhaps more assertively, more boldly than you did in the introduction. It will also be necessary to apply abstract or lofty ideas from your work to your readers daily life or encapsulating them in more common language that they can take with them, from your book. Finally, depending on the genre you are writing in, it may be appropriate to challenge your reader to take action or to make a decision based upon what you have conveyed.Ordering Your IdeasYou can begin organizing your nonfiction book right now, as you are reading this article.Take a piece of paper and write down your purpose and thesis. Next, begin writing points down as they come to you. Your subject is likely a topic about which you are passionate, or you wouldnt be writing a book about it; so these points should come readily to you with just a little reflection.If you write them down on paper with a pen, after you are done, read over the page a few times. You will begin to notice that many of your points, arguments, and supporting statements are related. Begin to organize those by highlighting or using a numbering system. After this is done, you will have narrowed your points down under umbrella categories. Points that are outliers, or do not fit under any of the primary themes, should likely be dismissed.If pen and paper never factor into your writing process, you can do this on your computer screen. It makes ordering the ideas as easy as Cut and Paste. As good as this sounds, many find the brainstorming session is more creative when they are physically writing the ideas down.If you have done that, you are ready to create an outline for your nonfiction book.  Plug your organized ideas into your outlines Introduction, Body, and Conclusion and then get writing.

Rhetoric Essay - 1230 Words

Akinyemi Adebayo Mrs. Crocco AP: English 13 December 2012 Does Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass appeal to pathos, logos, or ethos? The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is an autobiography in which Mr. Douglass tells his life story. He was born into slavery and experienced many harsh realities that shaped his life. Frederick Douglass was a free black man at the time in which he told this story. He is writing to his audience to inform them about slavery. His claim is that slavery is bad and must be stopped. His experiences help form his rhetoric as a credible speaker; His use of pathos truly develops the negative emotional and physical aspects of slavery on slaves. Throughout Frederick Douglass experienced many†¦show more content†¦Frederick Douglass was furious with the way she was treated. She was old and feeble; instead of putting her out of her misery they thought it would be appropriate to put her in hut in the mountains. â€Å"They took her to the woods, built her a little hut, put up a little mud-chimney , and then made her welcome to the privilege of supporting herself there in perfect loneliness; thus virtually turning her out to die!†(29) The sentence creates an angry tone towards the slave owners. The commas build up all the anger Frederick Douglass has, then it is let out with the last statement. He is furious with how the slave owners treated his grandma. Did they think that she could support herself? This only supports his claim. The pathos is seen here through his syntax. His grandma is old and lonely. She has no one to help her. â€Å"She stands-she sits-she staggers-she falls-she groans-she dies.†(29) Douglass use of repetition shows a negative tone. His grandma is old and in pain. She has nothing to live for. Her life consists of her having to struggle through daily life to do things. In a perfect world she should had been killed, but she is left to suffer. His grandma’s experience shows the emotional effects of slavery. He is able to support his patho s by using tone. His angry tone expresses his hatred for slavery, because there are no happy endings forShow MoreRelatedRhetoric and Argument Essays1334 Words   |  6 PagesENG122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument English 122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument Argument and Rhetoric An argument can take many forms. It is, at its root, a method for communicating a singular position with evidence, logic, and persuasion. There are essential elements to all valid arguments, though they may take different forms. 1. Claim 2. Evidence 3. Counterargument 4. Rebuttal A successful argument depends upon the delicate balance between these elements. Imagine aRead MoreAristotle on Rhetoric Essay1898 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle on Rhetoric Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist. He was able to combine the thoughts of Socrates and Plato to create his own ideas and definition of rhetoric. He wrote influential works such as Rhetoric and Organon, which presented these new ideas and theories on rhetoric. Much of what is Western thought today evolved from Aristotles theories and experiments on rhetoric. Aristotles Life Aristotle was born in 384 B.C., in Northern GreeceRead More The Composition and Rhetoric Field Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesComposition and Rhetoric (a.k.a. Writing Studies): A Flexible Field In his essay, Teach Writing as a Process not a Product, Donald Murray outlines the major difference between the traditional pedagogy that directed the teaching of writing in the past and his newly hailed model. 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To explain the idea that good writing has no rules, I used the unstructured format of Whitehead’s textRead More The Study of Rhetoric Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Study of Rhetoric Works Cited Missing The study of rhetoric traditionally has aimed to equip students with an ability to identify problems and issues, to investigate, to interpret, and to communicate results -- whatever the subject matter. These abilities require higher-level thinking, not just skills; analysis and evaluation, not just observation . . . . The study emphasizes strategies and practice rather than a body of facts and contemplation; thus the study of rhetoric aims for socialRead More Aristotle and the Techne of Rhetoric Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Techne of Rhetoric Between the third and fifth centuries B.C. there existed a â€Å"golden and classical age† of thought in the ancient world, with the majority of this activity centered in the polis of Athens, Greece. Although the city is historically recognized for its legendary conflict with rival polis Sparta, Athens is perhaps best known for the creation of democracy—that noble political experiment that laid the preliminary structure for most of the rights we AmericansRead More Rhetoric in the American Immigration Debate Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pageslogic, an appeal from credibility, or an appeal to emotions. All speakers and writers use the tripartite approach to rhetoric in varying degrees and ultimately the audience judges their effectiveness in the context presented. In America, few topics are as hotly debated as that of undocumented migration, and it can be difficult to pick through the partisan and often vitriolic rhetoric in order to come to a rational conclusion. Politicians frame the debate using elements of the American mythos. WhileRead MoreThe Unbounded Reach of Rhetoric Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unbounded Reach of Rhetoric In the year of 1938, during the Nuremburg Conference, a man stands up to deliver the closing speech. This speech is not particularly as well known or as significant as many of his other speeches, but the words of this thin and paunchy man are strong and resolute. He states, â€Å"When the question is still put to us why National Socialism fights with such fanaticism against the Jewish element in Germany, why it pressed and still presses for its removal then the answerRead MoreRhetoric Analysis for Sicko Essays1713 Words   |  7 Pagesinsurance industry. The message that Michael Moore is trying to get across to his audience is that of the immortality within the American health care system. Michael Moore is able to get his message across to the public by incorporating the three rhetoric techniques of logos, pathos, and ethos. He uses logos by comparing America’s health insurance to those of other countries, pathos by evoking both feelings of sadness and laughter, and ethos by personally visiting different countries and seeing forRead MoreThe Use of Rhetoric in Everyday Life Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesRhetoric is a significant part of our everyday lives. Whether its convincing our friends to go to a concert on the weekend, to go to a certain place for lunch, or even convincing yourself to do something that you should but dont want to do. Rhetoric is all around us today. Billboard ads, television commercials, newspaper ads, political speeches, even news stories all try, to some degree, to sway our opinion or convince us to take some sort of action. If you take a step back to look and think

The Great Depression Of The 1930s - 885 Words

(ESSAY) †¢ What factors brought about the Great Depression of the 1930s? Give examples of the differences between the relief policies of F.D.R. and Hoover. Describe the opponents of F.D.R.’s relief policies, and how he did more to expand executive power than any other President in American history. Also take the time to explain other significant events and issues that took place in the U.S. during this time which made the depression seem even bleaker. GREAT DEPRESSION Some factors that brought about the Great Depression of the 1930s were the stock market crashing on what is known as â€Å"Black Tuesday†, banks closing, companies failing, and employment. The stock market crashed in October 1929. The market crash led to banks closing because of the fact of people taking all their money from their bank accounts. Companies began to fail because of these other factors and majority of people were unemployed. America came into a standstill in the Great Depression. President Herbert Hoover, at this time believed immensely in the idea that American citizens should be left to deal with their financial issues and that the government should not get involved. President Hoover seemed to have the right mindset but the wrong way of going about it and sunk the nation into a deeper hole by enforcing the Revenue Act of 1932 as well as the Reconstruction finance corporation, and a tariff. Another issue that took place in the U.S. during this time which made the depression seem even bleaker, wasShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of The 1930s999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression of the 1930s is notably one of the greatest crises of American history. During this time frame the American economy collapsed in great part because of factors such as the existence of massive wealth inequality, the dust bowl that started in the Great Plains, and the rampant business speculation of the 1920’s. These factors helped turn an awful economic depression into what would be called an all-out social crisis. Bread lines and soup kitchens became a common occurrence in AmericanRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s925 Words   |  4 PagesThe assigned readings offered an interesting and complex view of some of the diverse groups of people who were marginalized in California during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The primary sources shared detailed information on how Mexicans, Filipinos, and White Americas experienced hostility and inequality in California. In Resistance, Radicalism, and Repression on the Oxnard Plain, Frank Barajas discusses how beet sugar growers on the Oxnard Plain cut the wages of Mexican laborers working inR ead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Depression of the 1930s undoubtedly marked a period of massive change and devastation throughout the entire nation. People of all backgrounds were plagued by destitution and insufferable living conditions, while unemployment rates had soared beginning with Black Tuesday, to the point where the public had begun to lose hope for the future. In enduring all of the instances of negative change, the people, whether of white or black heritage, whether rich or poor, had all shared one set of characteristicsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of 19301805 Words   |  8 PagesDepression of 1930 The Great Depression of 1930 molded the American culture and the political life of our nation. Due to its pivotal role in the formation of our economic system. Today I will provide an inside depth of the Causes and Effects of the Great Depression and will focus on the results and outcomes that resulted in this event that would change the lives of many in this time period of despair and of devastation. To begin in the 1920s it was a time of prosperity in lives of many as the economyRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s1844 Words   |  8 PagesIt is common knowledge that the 1930s was the time of the worst economic downturn the world has ever seen. The Great Depression, which lasted for ten years, facilitated discontent among various ethnic groups, genders and occupations. Perhaps the most significant fallout from the Wall Street Crash in 1929 was the economic migration of itinerant workers to California – the state of the Steinbeck’s birth – as a result of harsh geographical conditions in the region of the United States known as the ‘DustRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe great depression of the 1930’s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, I’ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific aspects during these different times. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solutions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard not to mention the 1930’s great depression. AuthorsRead MoreCauses Of Great Depression Of The 1930s1173 Words   |  5 Pages Causes of the Great Depression Khalid Mohamed 500710091 DR. M. Jolly ECN 220: Evolution Of Global Economy â€Å"Analyze the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Do you feel that this was caused primarily by weaknesses in the economy of the United States or by structural weaknesses in the international economy?† The Great Depression The Great Depression, was a phenomenal incident that was caused by multiple factors, it is considered one of the most tragic downfalls inRead More The Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada The Great Depression of the 1930s is a benchmark for all depressions and recessions in the past and in the future. In the booklet The Great Depression of the 1930s in Canada , Michiel Horn gives an intellectual dissection of the events that occurred during the Great Depression. Michiel Horns approach leaves the reader with a foul taste for the Dirty Thirties. This essay will summarize Michiel Horns key points as well as discuss the ability ofRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Maynard Keynes was the most influential economist of the 1900’s and many of his ideas were adopted by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression of the 1930’s. With the passing of the economic crisis in 2008, countless articles have been published supporting Keynes and his economic thought. He investigated the origins of the Great Depression and remodeled the field of economics with a basic conclusion: economies recover from downturns by sp ending money. Keynes theorized that during

Norms Free Essays

Norms Norm is an expected and accepted behavior by a society. We get our norms from our parents, cultures, or traditions, but sociologists disagree on where they can come from. Norms are based on a kind of agreement, so they can be changed by time which Is called social construction. We will write a custom essay sample on Norms or any similar topic only for you Order Now People also see norms as a ‘social glue’ as It binds different Individuals together. A norm requires an action as It Is a behavior. An example of a norm can be the fact that most of the people put on their stables once they get in the car. Norms are passed on from generation to generation and ‘adapted o fit the social climate’ which is the change of norms, values, family, gender, race, etc. However, there are people who don’t follow the norms and they’re called deviants. Fox is a sociologist who spent 3 years observing the English norms, cultures and wrote a book based on her studies. One of the thing that caught her attention was the use of mobile phones which seemed to be In everyone’s life regardless of class, gender, ethnicity and, increasingly, age. Fox mentioned in her book that people use it for different causes, teenagers use them as a status symbol whereas man are interested in the technological aspects of what they can do. She also believes that women that are alone in coffee bars or anywhere else use it as a social barrier or a form of attachment. Values Values are everyday morals or beliefs which most of the people in society agrees on. They develop overtime and not easily but they can be changed. Values can also underline social norms, for example when you’re at the shop and you get to the end of the queue you value fairness. Also when you stay quite in the doctor’s waiting room you value health and professional advice. Most people In the same societies hare these values so they’re not the same as attitudes, in which people can differ enormously. You may think there are some values that are only yours but the truth Is they’re shared with many others. You’ve learned them from other people; this doesn’t mean you chose to them from deferent possibilities, but that you’re picked them up during your life. There is a debate between sociologists on whose values are the mainstream ones in society; it can be the dominant ethnic group, or even the values of the rich, but some consider It’s the politician as they propose the laws of society. Values largely vary between societies, so what Is normal here can be really strange In another country. Status Status can be held by one person or a group; it’s formed on a social position. It can be linked with honor, prestige and social standing. You can have a low and a high status In society at the same time, for example you’re the leader of a gang, within that status and achieved status. Ascribed status cannot be changed easily, it’s something that you did born into, for example your gender and ethnicity. Achieved status is what you worked for, it can be an educational qualification or entering the Job you always wanted. Achieved status is believed to be a relevant feature of life in the contemporary I-J. Roles The set of norms that goes with a status are called roles. A role is a series of behavior; routines or responses that we give in our everyday life. We all have roles in our lives which can change with our age and adapt to our societies. You’re role can be a student at school, sibling and friend at the same time and all these roles will come with expectations. As a student you’ll be expected to learn and participate in class and do your homework. You as a student will place certain expectations on your coacher and school. Roles develop during social processes but we do born into some roles like being a daughter or a son and sibling, these are all ascribed to people. Role conflict can occur as a person has many roles and sometimes these roles will conflict with each other. For example you can be a student expected to do your homework, but you also have a part time Job and your boss expects you to be there, but you can’t do both of them at the same time. Having a role conflict is an unavoidable part of life. Culture The word culture is used to describe the customs, beliefs and ways of life of a society r within a society. It is also a contested concept, which means that sociologists vary on their exact definition of it. William says it’s a Way of life’ and that it contains all details of the way people live their life in a society: their norms, interests, values and ideas on life. If we take the meaning of culture this way it becomes a comprehensive definition, allowing us to connect it to many different groups within and between societies. Some people argue that Williams view on culture is so wide that it has no meaning at all, because he practically says that anything can be a part of culture. Another sociologist Woodward says that the culture of society is formed on ‘shared meanings, values and practices’. This definition links culture with shared norms and values. Other sociologist approached that there are different types of cultures, saying that there is a high culture, and elite practices are part of it. High culture High culture is the elite, upper class of the society, the people that have an ascribed status in life. This concept is linked to Leaves who was writing in the sass. People in high culture are often associated with arts such as classical music, opera or sports eke polo and lacrosse and other posh activities. They have a social closure which practically means that there is no entry for ‘outsiders’, which makes sure that high culture remains elite and exclusive. People in high culture tend to have special positions in the I-J, both economically and socially. However, some sociologist questioned the existence of high culture as more people can achieve their statuses and become rich, so they can buy their access to elite groups. Subculture Subculture is practiced by a smaller group in society. They have distinct norms and aloes which makes them a little part of society. These cultures can be memos and skaters, or religious groups such as cosmetologists. As some of these subcultures are quite little they need to raise more awareness for example religious movements. The members of these subcultures change over time and so does the subcultures within society and its concerns. People mostly are part of these subcultures in their young adulthood, and often they move away from them as they grow up. However, some people stay connected to their subculture in some way for the rest of their lives. How to cite Norms, Papers

Loss Of Innocence Essays - Fiction, Literature, American Literature

Loss Of Innocence Certain childhood experiences are missed out by some people because of mishaps early on in life. Any unfortunate event could cause the loss of innocence and make a child mature before his or her time. This event or experience would cause them to sacrifice their innocence. Many pieces of literature contain the loss of innocence as a theme. Examples of these would be The Scarlet Letter, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Catcher in the Rye. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a novel that shows the theme of the loss of innocence. Although it is not a major theme, it can be used to describe Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Hester treated Pearl like the sin she committed, adultery, so she grew up like it. Hester pleaded to keep Pearl because "all that she had was the scarlet letter and her child." She is the living evidence of Hester's crime and she is a part of her mother's shame. The scarlet letter printed on Hester's chest is there to remind everyone of Hester's guilt, which is something Pearl did as well. When Hester and Pearl went to see Governor Bellingham, Hester told them how she felt about her daughter. Sadly, she felt almost the same thing the Puritans did. However she also declared her love for Pearl. "She is my happiness - she is my torture, none the less. Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too!". The Puritans thought that this little girl was influenced by the devil. She was a little like the bearer of the truth. None of the other children were allowed around Pearl so she had no friends. She had a lot to handle as a child so this compromised her innocence. Pearl was being punished for her mother's sins and she wasn't accepted as a normal child her age would be. She had too much to bear at a young age. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was written by Mark Twain, Huck matures quickly because he has to help Jim escape the ill fortune of slavery. He is torn between the values of society and his young, innocent conscience. He is tormented by the thought of turning Jim in and doing what everyone else thinks is right or staying loyal to his new-found companion. He also has to use his intelligence to get down the river and bring Jim to safety. By making these decisions he is no longer a child. He loses innocence and becomes an adult because he doesn't have to make the decisions a child his age normally has to. Their were numerous occasions in The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, where loss of innocence was used as a theme. The first, was when Holden broke the window when Allie died. Losing his brother was a hard time for him. For him, Allie was the definition of innocence. This was because Allie was a child when he died. He didn't grow to be an adult and become corrupted. Another major time is when he is talking about the children in the Rye field. Them falling off of the edge is their fall from innocence. Holden wanted to save them from losing their innocence, so he wanted to catch them before they fell. He wanted to catch them before they became greedy and careless. In this novel, one is repeatedly reminded of what Holden thinks of everyone but himself. He hated society so much that he would leave school because of it. When asked why he left his previous school he replied, "One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies. They were coming in through the goddam window." Holden's parents can also be a factor in his obsession with keeping innocence. They tried to confine him to be like them in their world. That was something he didn't want. To him all adults, including his parents, were corrupted. They were phonies. This was the reason he wanted his sister to say the way she was and the same age she was. Along with his younger brother, Holden's younger sister was the one person he cared about. Phoebe was still innocent but Holden was afraid of the day when she would grow up and become one of the people he hated. In conclusion, many people's innocence is lost because of tragic experiences in life. Many novels and pieces of literature contain examples on the loss of

The United Nations and Global Security †Political Science Essay

The United Nations and Global Security – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers The United Nations and Global Security Political Science Essay The question on whether the UN can provide adequate framework and tools in dealing with global security concerns, presents the complexity of the immense number of variables to be considered. The United Nations have been created according to the realists’ power-politics principles and has progressively covered economic, social and environmental fields. The recent protest at Seattle in December 1999, and in Washington D.C in April this year, showed that the potential impact of globalisation on a very wide range of contemporary social, political, cultural and economic relationships. It represents an issue of considerable importance to the conduct of the international system and the UN, addressing a sustainable human development and the promotion and protection of international human rights. After the fall of the Soviet Union, more than 90 armed-conflicts took place in more than 60 countries, involving more than 60 governments. This means that a third of the States members of the United Nations have been involved in a war in the last ten years. In Rwanda and in the Balkans, we have witnessed atrocities of a horrible and deadly magnitude. In many regions, the exploitation of ethnic and cultural divisions is fostering instability, strangling growth, slowing or stopping reforms and creating refugees and deaths. Even though it can be extremely difficult to identify the deepest roots of these conflicts, there are a series of trends and common points that show the changing of potential threats at global level. The United Nations have shown its limits at Decision-Making level, both with inequalities in composition of the Security Council and deficiencies in power of the General Assembly (it detains only marginal responsibility in security matters), and because of its dependence on finance provided by its members. (Countries, such as US have used the â€Å"weapon† of not paying the supposed fees as tool for influencing the Organisation. At present days, the UN needs to be reformed, the majority of the States, if not all, agree on it. But people disagree sharply on what kind of reform is needed and for what purpose. NGO leaders aim for a more democratic UN, with greater openness and accountability. Delegates favour reforms that follow the realist national interests and promote national power. Idealists offer plans for a greatly expanded body that would reduce State sovereignty, whilst conservatives push for a downsized UN with sharply reduced powers . The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in its public documents reported that world-wide instability and the increased use of violence for political purposes would continue into the 21st century and these external phenomena will pose, in future, pressure on States and threats on public safety of their citizens . In the first part of this study we will analyse the changes in structure and security matters of the international system after the end of the Cold War and the new threats the UN will be facing in the 21st century. Once done that, we will point at the discussions for reforms of the UN in the last four years and the point 2 of the Millennium Declaration with Kofi Annan’s suggestions. The reform process of the UN and the question on whether it can be an adequate organisation to pursue global security implies a positive approach, as the consequences of its failure will fall on the whole International community. The post Cold war period has seen important changes in the structure of the international system: the step from an ideological bipolarity of the East-West confrontation to a no-ideological multi-polarity has brought to a decrease in importance of military alliances (crisis of identity of NATO and disappearance of the Warsaw Pact) The end of nuclear monopoly of the five recognised powers (China, US, USSR, France, UK) has experienced a dramatic illegal spreading of nuclear components and expertise from the former Soviet Union (Bielorussia, Kazakistan, Ukraine) and from some communist countries (China, North Korea) to several different buyers (countries, terrorist groups). Japan, United States and Europe play the role of world’s superpowers in terms of science, information technology, industry, finance and communication while there is a rise in importance of macro-regional alliances regrouped around recognised, or not recognised economic blocks (MERCOSUR, NAFTA and South Africa, Brazil, India, China). The break of the ideological cohesion of the confrontation capitalism/communism has lead to a new rise of different kinds of identity (race, religion, ethnicity), with different social structures, which, at times threaten the configuration of particular States (Yugoslavia) The explosion within states of wars between ethnic and religious groups results particularly difficult to be addressed. For many countries, the change from interstate to intrastate conflict has increased the danger for the non-combatants. â€Å"At the beginning of the twentieth century between 85 and 90 percent of war deaths were military†¦At the end of the twentieth century, about three quarters of war deaths are civilians† . â€Å"Civilians are no longer just victims of war today – they are regarded as instrument of war. Starving, terrorising, murdering, raping civilians- all that is seen as legitimate† . Ethnic cleansing has been attempted recently in Chechnya, East Timor, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, in conditions described by the former head of Medecins sans Frontieres as â€Å"a new age of barbarism† In addition to that, according to the Interdisciplinary Research Programme on Causes of Human Rights Violations (PIOOM) , the number of Low Intensity Conflict (between 100 and 1000 deaths per year) and Violent Political Conflicts (less than 100 deaths per year) has increased sharply during the past five years. (Respectively from 31 in 1995/96 to 77 in 1999/00 and from 44 to 151 for the same period. Armed conflicts generally occur in the world’s poorest countries, nullifying any chance of improving the already low standards of living. The deliberated destruction of crops or the posing of landmines for strategic purposes can drive into famine (Ethiopia, Eritrea) or impossibility to cultivate vast areas or no access to clean water with the consequent spread of diseases. In some cases, governments are not strong enough to provide Law and Order within their territory to their citizens. This can provide a basis of impunity for criminal organisations dealing with drugs, children and women prostitution, expired medical drugs, (mass destruction, chemical and light) weapons smuggling, that will then influence the global market and the rich Nations. Intra-continental power struggles can also present environment threats. For example, nuclear and missile testing in India and Pakistan, as intensification of the dispute over Kashmir, as well as the ongoing modernisation of China’s military forces and its commitment to use force to recover Taiwan, if necessary. The political instability of a part of that region could seriously damage the whole international community. As tensions and conflicts within States rise, the number of displaced peoples as well as political and religious refugees will also grow, bringing with it social, economic, political and, therefore, security challenges. The globalisation of the world economy can create immense tensions both with and within states, which can pose a serious threat in a long term. Globalisation tends to be selective, jerarchical and leave behind not only entire parts of the globe (Sub-Saharan Africa), but also regions within developed countries. Finance sector liberalisation has opened borders to the free flow of capital (but not free flow of people, for which the visa is needed), so that an estimated $1.5 trillion in world currency markets is been moved. However, 90% of this amount is speculative and benefit mainly the giant hedge funds and banks. These short-term capitals, as Asia found during the financial crisis of 1997, can fly out of a country in a relatively short time and with little warning. This process limits the power of states to protect neither their economy nor their currencies from international speculators. Thanks to the liberal â€Å"contribution† of Reagan and Tatcher in the past two decades, states are facing the impossibility/inability to retain control over their national policies, eroding their in fields traditionally under their direct control: welfare, education†¦ With a quarter of the World’s people (some 1.4 billion) in deep poverty and nearly the same number malnourished and lacking in the most basic health care, the neoliberal system is highly unstable. Currency speculation has created a series of deep crises such as Mexico 1995 and Asian Tigers 1997. The most important factor of the crisis of the modern Sovereign States comes, according to Levi , from the internal contradiction between the national dimension of the State and the internationalisation of production, which, in turn is the consequence of an evolution in the mode of production, based on scientific revolution. The United Nations The Preamble of the UN Charter states that the organisation is â€Å"to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples.† Art. 55 says: â€Å"With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations.† the United Nations shall promote â€Å"higher standard of living, full employment and conditions of economic and social progress and development† as well as †solutions of international economic, social, health, related problems† , as well as (recently) global environmental threats. The founder members (mainly USA, France and England) hoped to create an international structure that could avoid the problems of the League of Nations and the chaos that followed WWI. They believed that, through Keynesian policies of intervention in the world economy, they could deliver a better life-condition to people and so, improving their security . The purposes of the organisation are declared in UN Charter and its structure consists of a Security Council of five permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK and US) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two years term, a General Assembly, a secretary general and a Secretariat, an Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice and a Trusteeship Council. Connected to the United Nations there are several specialised agencies and bodies: Food and Agriculture Org. (FAO), International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Org (WHO) and so on. Among them, there are also organisations, whose contribute to a better life quality of the people can be questioned: the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the WTO. The assumptions on which the rules of WTO are based are grossly unfair. Those rules also reflect an agenda that serves only to promote dominant corporatist interests that already monopolise the arena of international trade If one could say that the principles are agreed by all states, the practices and, at times the goals, have failed to address common threats to security through a unified action. There has been difficulty in reaching and implementing decisions and â€Å"there has been a tendency on the part of the major powers to dominate the economic institutions as well as the Council, rendering it as an institution for the imposition of the will of the strong upon the weak, of the large over the small, and the rich over the poor† While the developed nations have a monopoly of seven permanent and non-permanent seats in the Council of 15 members, the vast majority of developing countries have to share the seven non-permanent seats. Among 185 members of the United Nations, 79 have not served in the Council. The five permanent members along with ten rotating member states do not constitute a representative, legitimate or authoritative voice for a United Nations of 185 . The current permanent membership comes from events that shaped the organisation five decades ago and the political and strategic basis to hold this position no longer exists. Specifically, Britain and France are no longer global powers and therefore any reform should introduce a new balance according to the international realities of today. There are several proposals for reforms. The first proposal consists in giving a permanent seat to Germany and Japan (which are among the biggest contributors). The second is in favour of an enlargement of the Security Council to 5 new members (Germany, Japan, and one state respectively from Africa, Asia and Latin America) without any veto power and an increase of the number of the non-permanent members. The last proposal (presented by Italy) is based on the creation of 10 â€Å"semi-permanent† seats that would cover the main world regions. The common point of these proposals would be to widen the composition of the Security Council to the strongest states that would, in turn, represents as well the interests of the smaller states belonging to the same region (ex. Germany and Benelux, Japan and Philippines). The veto power also creates a sharp disagreement. The right of veto was accorded to a realist view. The main assumption was that one of the Superpowers could stop a resolution or an action (except from particular cases such as the case of one of the member being involved in a dispute) that was in contrast with its national interests, and in doing so, preventing the dispute to escalate to threat international security. Eliminating the veto power looks impossible because any permanent member can block the proposal and, in some cases, blocking any discussion dealing with it (double veto). The failure of the member states, especially the United States, to fulfil their duties in founding the Organisation (for several reasons, strategic, economic and political) has had a particularly severe impact on the solvency of the United Nations. This crisis has been aggravated by what appear to be a â€Å"double standards† of intervention among some of the permanent member countries. (Rwanda, Yugoslavia) â€Å"Some critics were concerned that the concept of â€Å"humanitarian intervention† could become a cover for gratuitous interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states. Others felt that it might encourage secessionist movements deliberately to provoke governments into committing gross violations of human rights in order to trigger external interventions that would aid their cause.† However, the respect for basic Human Rights, in accordance to the principles of the UN Charter, could elevate the quality of life of all people, regardless their race, colour or religion. Our world will be as safe as we will decide it to be The United Nations Charter, for its character of multilateral international Treaty is unique in world affairs and can be described as a real World Constitution. Environmental and political threats, nuclear and biological pollution, massive killings and cleansing have been seen in this century like never before. Globalisation has incremented the inequalities with and within states, the gap between rich and poor is increasing and religious and ethnic extremism have seen a new rise. Global diseases such as HIV are spreading all over the world, but are the poorest countries to pay most and while one part of the world is experiencing the IT era, other parts are approaching the industrial revolution. The United Nations alone are not able to meet these challenges. They affect the entire international community, and they require that all nations sincerely act in accord to the spirit of the Charter. Without a strong and effective Organisation, the whole international community will find immeasurably more difficult to meet these challenges and the consequences will fall on the whole community. The emergence of several new states since the creation of UN shows that the tendency is toward an ever-increasing fragmentation â€Å"Whether the world’s peoples have such an organisation at their disposal depends ultimately, now as in the past, on the commitment of their governments to it. Now, as then, the Member States are the very foundation of the United Nations and its will can traduce in action in the right direction† . Research Papers on The United Nations and Global Security - Political Science EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfBringing Democracy to Africa

Maos Hundred Flowers Campaign in China

Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign in China In late 1956, just seven years after the Red Army prevailed in Chinas Civil War, Chairman of the Communist Party Mao Zedong announced that the government wanted to hear citizens true opinions about the regime. He  sought to promote the development of a new Chinese culture, and said in a speech that Criticism of the bureaucracy is pushing the government towards the better. This was a shock to the Chinese people since the Communist Party had always previously cracked down on any citizen bold enough to criticize the party or its officials. The Liberalization Movement Mao named this liberalization movement the Hundred Flowers Campaign, after a traditional poem: Let a hundred flowers bloom/Let a hundred schools of thought contend. Despite, the Chairmans urging, however, the response among the Chinese people was muted. They did not truly believe that they could criticize the government without repercussions. Premier Zhou Enlai had received only a handful of letters from prominent intellectuals,  containing very minor and cautious critiques of the government. By the spring of 1957, communist officials changed their tone.  Mao announced that criticism of the government was not just allowed but preferred, and began to directly pressure some leading intellectuals to send in their constructive criticism. Reassured that the government truly wanted to hear the truth, by May and early June  of that year,  university professors and other scholars were sending in millions of letters containing increasingly assertive suggestions and criticisms.  Students and other citizens also held criticism meetings and rallies, put up posters, and published articles in magazines calling for reform. Lack of Intellectual Freedom Among the issues targeted by the people during the Hundred Flowers Campaign were the lack of intellectual freedom, the harshness of previous crack-downs on  opposition leaders,  the close adherence to Soviet ideas, and the much higher standard of living enjoyed by Party leaders versus the ordinary citizens.  This flood of vociferous criticism seems to have taken Mao and Zhou by surprise. Mao, in particular, saw it as a threat to the regime; he felt that the opinions being voiced were no longer constructive criticism, but were harmful and uncontrollable. Halt to the Campaign On June 8, 1957, Chairman Mao called a halt to the Hundred Flowers Campaign.  He announced that it was time to pluck the poisonous weeds from the bed of flowers. Hundreds of intellectuals and students were rounded up, including pro-democracy activists Luo Longqi and Zhang Bojun, and were forced to publicly confess that they had organized a secret conspiracy against socialism. The crackdown sent hundreds of leading Chinese thinkers to labor camps for re-education or to prison. The brief experiment with freedom of speech was  over. The Debate Historians continue to debate whether Mao genuinely wanted to hear suggestions on governance, in the beginning, or whether the Hundred Flowers Campaign was a trap all along.  Certainly, Mao had been shocked and appalled by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchevs speech, publicized on March 18, 1956, in which Khrushchev denounced former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin for building a cult of personality, and ruling through suspicion, fear, and terror. Mao may have wanted to gauge whether intellectuals in his own country viewed him the same way. It is also possible, however, that Mao and more particularly Zhou were truly seeking new  paths for developing Chinas culture and arts under the communist model. Whatever the case, in the aftermath of the Hundred Flowers Campaign, Mao stated that he had flushed the snakes out of their caves.  The rest of 1957 was devoted to an Anti-Rightest Campaign, in which the government ruthlessly crushed all dissent.

Read an article and respond to a prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read an article and respond to a prompt - Essay Example These imaginary situations may not meet up with the real world stories every time. Still the use of these fantasy stories is good to teach the student about the real life problems. In other words, we can say that always a happy ending does not make a real sense but the hardships and the strengths of the fictional characters is the true symbol for the children to be idealized in their lives. The use of fairy tales may give a sense to the child that how he can face the problems coming in the life. There are some stories who give some moral lessons to the children. This moral and ethical personality development is very much necessary for the children because their behavior is shaped accordingly. The way of teaching the moral lesson should be impressive so that a child may not get bored or feel uninterested. Usually these fairy tales always make the main characters of the story a very positive, ethical and strong individual who can face any challenge coming in his/her life honestly. There are some stories which includes a step father or a step mother because of the parents death or some other stories in which the parents become old and want to hand over all the property to the most competent child. All of these story themes actually motivate the children to work harder in their lives in order to get success in their lives. The child may learn how the prince of the story achieves the success in the desired task and thus become the King of the state in place of his father. Child may also learn that he can get success in his life if he also work devotedly to achieve the goal of his life. These goals can be small or long term depending upon the situations. Here the important thing is the learning of the child to achieve the goal by hard work and devotion. Another aspect of these fairy tales is that they always end up with the imagination ‘and they lived happily ever after’. The

Taoism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Taoism - Research Paper Example This paper will introduce the main ideas of Taoism in contrast to Confucianism, and will show how they might be a source of wisdom and inspiration to modern Western life. Taoism: Yang Chu, Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi Three central figures may be identified in the birth and proliferation of Taoist thought. These are Yang Chu, Lao Zi, and Zhuang Zi. Yang Chu proposes a very basic form of naturalism. His main goal is basic to the Taoist view: to preserve life and to avoid injury. But Yang Chu’s way is through what might be called escapism. It is said that Yang Chu retired in the forest to dwell close to the animals who knew nature. A famous anecdote (Fung 62) says that he refused a calling to be an official precisely because he wanted to preserve his life. A horse does not need more than a few licks of water from a lake to satisfy its thirst. Why would one want more than the humblest abode and a few morsels of food to live? This simplicity advocated by Yang Chu has often been interpreted a s selfishness, for he is supposed to have told people to not give up a single strand of their hair even if it meant they would have a whole kingdom in their hands. But on deeper examination, we find that Yang Chu’s refusal to join the world is really his way of preserving life. Once we give a piece, people will want more and more until we have no more to give; until we have no more. Thus, Yang Chu advises against giving up even a single strand of hair (Fung 63). It is through this view that Yang Chu has earned the description, one who despises things and values life. Lao Zi is the sage identified with Taoism primarily because of the Tao te ching, the book he is supposed to have composed at the request of a guard asking hum for his legacy before he left society altogether. Unlike Yang Chu, Lao Zi is still concerned with practical life. He does not espouse the escapism of Yang Chu but rather makes sure that in our day to day living, we still followed the way of Nature by preser ving the simplicity of life. To do this, one is encouraged to keep in mind two concepts: wei-wu-wei and the principle of yin-yang. The former can be interpreted as doing without doing, while the latter can be emphasized as the harmonious opposition of things. For Lao Zi, to follow the Dao is to let things be, to leave things the way they are. Suffering is caused by our desire to change things or to control events in our lives. As this will never happen, we fall into frustration. To be happy, one must be content and not meddle in the ways of Nature. To go with the flow, so to speak, is the secret to a satisfying life. Thus, wei-wu-wei allows us to be active without disturbing the natural flow of things. It is not mere passivity, but rather an activity that facilitates the working out of the course of Nature. We do not do more than what is necessary. â€Å"Do you work, then step back. The only path to serenity† (Lao-Zi, chap. 9). â€Å"Practice not doing and everything will fa ll into place† (Lao Zi, chap. 3). The water symbol of the Dao is central to their philosophy. It literally goes with the flow and does not rise above itself, yet it is a very powerful element. Water is soft, yet it overcomes the hard as the river polishes the stones where it

Narrative Strategy in Hurstons Sweat :: Hurston Sweat Essays

Narrative Strategy in Hurston's Sweat The narrative strategy and point of view in Zora Neale Hurston's "Sweat" mold the reader's understanding of the story. They craft the personalities of both Delia and Sykes as well as developing their relationship. The choice of a third person omniscient narrator charges the story with more brutal honesty than would any other type of narration. The scene where the village men discuss Sykes and Delia holds relevance as a narrative tool and explores an alternative point of view to the narrator. The narrator draws the character sketches of both Sykes and Delia. Hurston lets us see their thoughts that allow her to develop their personalities rapidly and thoroughly. In a story of roughly only seven and a half pages Hurston manages to create vivid and complex characters. Much of this can be credited to her choice of narration. Long passages of narration mixed with the dialogue design a relationship fed on pain: " She lay awake, gazing upon the debris that cluttered their matrimonial trail. Not an image left standing along the way. Anything like flowers had long ago been drowned in the salty stream that had been pressed from her heart. Her tears, her sweat, her blood" (1675). Since the thoughts of Sykes and Delia are so different, a series of contrasts develops their relationship and personalities. Hurston's choice of narrator lends believability to the entire story and makes Delia's plight more extreme. If Delia were the one telling the story things would be quite different. The reader would not give her version of the story the same credibility he gives that of an outside narrator. It also makes the reader more sympathetic for Delia. A combination of what Delia feels and what Sykes does to her leads the reader to feel sympathetically towards her. This can be clearly seen with the addition of Bertha--the other woman in Sykes life. "Too late now to hope for love, even if it were not Bertha it would be someone else " (1675). What happens to her seems truthful and real which directs the reader's expected reaction to the story. The scene where the men of the town discuss Delia and Sykes rounds the view of the characters. In this passage perhaps the most significant lines in the story can be found: "There's plenty men dat takes a wife lak dey do a joint uh sugarcane.

What Causes Racism

What causes Racism? Racism is one of the most revolting things within the vicinity of humanity. It haunts our past, many times degrading the future. The causes of racism aren't known to the majority of humans living on earth, however, a good fraction of them express it. In order to cure racism, or at least minimize its affects on humanity, we have to examine the root causes. Some of the causes of racism are: Stereotypes Unfamiliarity selfishness and environmental factors. | |One of the most common causes of racism is stereotypes. Through television, through radio, through the internet, through music, through books, and the like, the potential for stereo types to build are a definite possibility. When a person, especially one that is very young, is exposed to stereotypes of a specific group for the first time, then that person will assume all are that way. Likewise, when a source is constantly displaying negative things about a particular race, then that will affect the overall opinio ns as well.Another very common, and probably the most common cause of racism is unfamiliarity. People fear what they do not know or understand. If someone hasn't grown up around a particular race before, then there is more of a chance the person can be racist toward that particular group. Not all the time, but when the person has already been fed negative stereotypes, and does not have the actual real life experiences with at least one within the particular group, then the chances of racism are increased.This is why it is important for children to be around other races at a young age: to ensure they get their minds used and adapted to being around them, and also to help counterbalance any false stereotypes they may encounter in the future. Selfishness is another obvious cause of racism. Humans are sometimes very selfish creatures caring only about their own at the expense of others. If individuals aren't taught how to respect others, then the potential for the person to become racis t is increased as well. This is why you will find that most caring individuals aren't racist. Neither are they sexist or anything else.The lastly and probably the most surprising cause of racism is environmental causes. We are all made different biologically and genetically. Our physical environment can affect our biology and therefore, in many cases, affect our minds. This does not mean freewill and choice are not options, but that an individual's potential for racism could possibly be increased through certain environmental factors unknown to man. By default, racism is nonexistent. However, things such as improper health maintenance, excess chemicals, head injuries, or other factors may help contribute to it.This should not be used as an excuse that racism has to persist, but more of a better chance to cure racism by enhancing biological health and medical technology, rather than thinking it can only be done by other means. Those are the 4 main causes of racism. As previously stat ed, racism is one of the most revolting things that paralyzes humanity. To cure racism permanently, we must first address the root problems, which are: stereotypes, unfamiliarity, selfishness, and environmental aspects. When we cure and address those things, we will cure racism as well.

Personal Narrative A Childish Brawl - 1523 Words

A Childish Brawl â€Å"She’s not coming. Get them, and anyone else in the halls, to their classroom and lock the door NOW.† As those words passed through Mrs. Tyndall’s lips, I felt myself panic. This wasn’t your usual â€Å"I forgot I had homework last night† panic, but the panic that makes you feel as if a gaping hole just opened up underneath your feet and you’re about to plummet into the unknown. At that moment, while I felt myself slipping from the edge, I looked around to see twenty-four pairs of eyes staring back at me. Looking into those eyes immediately closed the hole and shook me back to reality. I volunteer at St. Andrew’s Catholic School as a substitute art teacher every year, because my high school requires me to volunteer for ten†¦show more content†¦My mind would not let go of the different incidents I had heard on the news about child abduction or school shootings. When I see these reports, it never seems like they could actually occur at my high school or even the school I volunteer at; it was impossible, totally preposterous. I had never been able to handle stress well, so I often overworked myself; you could ask anyone and they would agree. Except in this sudden state of panic; I felt the overflowing worry dissolve. Taking a few seconds to collect myself, I briskly led the class down the middle school hallway. The fourth graders were excited and restless, seeing Mrs. Tyndall run off and having me take them to homeroom, so they began barraging me with questions. â€Å"Why is Mrs. Tyndall running?† â€Å"Where is she going?† â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"Where’s Mrs. Crowl?† â€Å"We’re still going home on time, right?† They were asking the questions that were running through my head, but even though I was curious I had to get them to class. Guiding the group back into line I explained, â€Å"It must be something important, like an announcement, that the teachers need to do. But it s the end of the day, so the faster we get to the classroom, the faster we can go home.† With the prospect of going home in mind, the class quieted, scurrying to their classroom. Once there, I counted heads twice to be sure all of them were present, turned to lock the